Izitena zeCorundum
Isitena seCorundumyimveliso enokuchasana nokusebenza okuphezulu ene-corundum njengesigaba esiphambili sekristale, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Ithandwa kakhulu ngamashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nobushushu obuphezulu, amandla oomatshini kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali. Apha ngezantsi kukho intshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwizitena zethu ze-corundum, kubandakanya ukuhlelwa kwemveliso, iimpawu zokusebenza, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, iindawo zokusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo zemveliso.
Ulwahlulo lweMveliso
Ngokwendlela ekwakhiwe ngayo iikhemikhali (izinto ezongezelelweyo) okanye imithombo yezinto eziluhlaza, izitena ze-corundum zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezine, nganye ineempawu ezizodwa kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa ezijolise ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
1. Isitena seCorundum esimhlophe
Amagama angundoqo:Ubumsulwa obuphezulu, Ubumdaka obuphantsi, Ubushushu obuphezulu
Iimpawu zamandla:Yenziwe nge-alumina yemizi-mveliso, inomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wokungcola (ingakumbi umxholo ophantsi we-iron oxide), ngoko ke inombala omhlophe. Ine-refractoriness ephezulu kakhulu kunye namandla oomatshini obushushu obuphezulu, kunye nozinzo oluhle kakhulu lweekhemikhali phakathi kwezitena ze-corundum.
Umxholo we-Al₂O₃:≥ 99%
2. Isitena seCorundum esimdaka
Amagama angundoqo:Ixabiso Eliphantsi, Injongo Jikelele, Ukuchasana Nokuchitha
Iimbonakalo:Inyibilikiswe yi-bauxite kwisithando sombane se-arc, equlethe inani elincinci le-iron oxide (ebonisa umdaka). Ibonakala ngesakhiwo esixineneyo, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka, kunye nexabiso elingcono xa kuthelekiswa nesitena se-corundum esimhlophe.
Umxholo we-Al₂O₃:≥ 95%
3. Isitena seChrome Corundum
Amagama angundoqo:Ukumelana Nokugqwala, Isitovu Seglasi, Isitovu Sesamente
Iimbonakalo:I-Chromite okanye i-chromium oxide yongezwa kwi-corundum. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuxhathisa kakhulu ukunyibilika kweglasi kunye nokukhukuliseka kwe-slag, kunye nokumelana okuhle nokutshiswa kobushushu ngaxeshanye.
Umxholo we-Al₂O₃:90-95%
4. Izitena zeZirconia Corundum
Amagama angundoqo:Ukumelana nokunxitywa, Uzinzo loMngcipheko wobushushu, Udonga lweSithando seGlasi
Iimbonakalo:Kongezwa iZircon. Ukongezwa kwenxalenye yeZircon kuphucula kakhulu ukumelana nokuguguleka kwento kunye nozinzo lobushushu (ukuxhathisa ukupholisa nokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza).
Umxholo we-Al₂O₃:60-80% (+ ZrO₂)
Iimpawu Zokusebenza:
Njengezinto ezisebenza kakuhle nezinganyangekiyo, izitena ze-corundum zineempawu ezibalaseleyo, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezitena ze-corundum ziphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza okujoliswe kuko ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezingasentla:
1. Ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-Refractoribility:Ukungaguquguquki kwayo kunokufikelela ngaphaya kwe-1750℃, kwaye ezinye iimveliso ezicocekileyo kakhulu (ezifana nezitena ezimhlophe ze-corundum) zinokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwe-1800℃ ixesha elide, zigcine uzinzo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokuguquka okanye ukonakala.
2. Amandla aphezulu:Inamandla aphezulu okuxinzelela ubushushu begumbi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-340MPa, kwaye inokuthwala imithwalo yoomatshini xa kushushu kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, izitena ezimhlophe ze-corundum zinamandla aphezulu oomatshini xa kushushu kakhulu.
3. Uzinzo oluLungileyo lweeKhemikhali:Iyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu ne-asidi okanye i-alkaline slag, iimetali, ukunyibilika kweglasi, njl.njl., kwaye akulula ukujamelana neempendulo zeekhemikhali. Isitena se-corundum esimhlophe sinozinzo oluhle kakhulu lweekhemikhali ngenxa yobunyulu baso obuphezulu.
4. Ukumelana neSlag egqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokukhukuliseka:Ingakumbi inokumelana kakhulu ne-asidi, i-neutral kunye nezinye izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ze-alkaline. Isitena se-Chrome corundum sibalasele kakhulu kule ntsebenzo, nto leyo enokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ngempumelelo.
5. Uzinzo oluhle loMngcipheko woBushushu:Nangona ingekho ntle njengezinye izinto eziqulethe i-silicon okanye i-magnesia, ingaphuculwa kakhulu ngokongeza i-zircon (njengezitena ze-zirconia corundum) okanye ukulungisa i-particle gradation. Izitena ze-Zirconia corundum zinozinzo oluphezulu lobushushu.
Isitena seCorundum-mulliteyimveliso enokuchasana ne-corundum kunye ne-mullite njengezigaba eziphambili zekristale. Ngenxa yesiphumo sokusebenzisana kwezigaba ezimbini eziphambili, idibanisa ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-corundum kunye nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kobushushu be-mullite. Le mveliso yamkelwe ngokubanzi kwiindawo zoshishino ezishushu kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ezifana ne-metallurgy, iglasi, iikhemikhali zepetroli, kunye nemveliso ye-carbon black, ibonelela ngezisombululo ze-lining ezithembekileyo zezixhobo eziphambili ze-oven kwaye iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo kunye nobomi benkonzo.
Iingenelo eziphambili zokusebenza:
1. Ukumelana okugqwesileyo kobushushu:Le yeyona nzuzo yayo iphambili. I-Mullite inomlinganiselo ophantsi wokwanda kobushushu, kwaye isakhiwo sayo sekristale esimile okwenaliti sitsala uxinzelelo olubangelwa kukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuqhekeka okubangelwa kukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufudumeza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukusebenza kwayo kudlula ukusebenza kwezitena ze-corundum ezicocekileyo.
2. Amandla alinganayo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala:Ubukho besigaba se-corundum buqinisekisa amandla aphezulu kwigumbi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngelixa bukwabonelela ngokumelana okuhle ne-asidi ye-slag, iglasi enyibilikisiweyo, kunye nezinye izinto. Nangona ukumelana kwayo ne-alkali kungaphantsi kancinci kunokwezitena ze-chrome corundum, inika uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
3. Ukuqhuba kobushushu okuphakathi:Xa ithelekiswa nezitena ze-corundum ezinoxinano oluphezulu, inika ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphantsi ngelixa igcina inqanaba elithile lokufakelwa kobushushu, inciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu kwizixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu kwaye iyenza ifaneleke kwizicelo ezifuna ukufakwa kobushushu obuphezulu.
| Izitena zeCorundum | ||||
| ISALATHISO | I-GYZ-99A | I-GYZ-99B | I-GYZ-98 | I-GYZ-95 |
| I-Al2O3 (%)≥ | 99 | 99 | 98 | 95 |
| I-SiO2 (%)≤ | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.5 | --- |
| I-Fe2O3 (%)≤ | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Ukuqhekeka Okubonakalayo (%)≤ | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 |
| Ubuninzi bobuninzi (g/cm3) ≥ | 3.20 | 3.15 | 3.15 | 3.1 |
| Amandla okutyumza abandayo (MPa) ≥ | 80 | 80 | 80 | 100 |
| Utshintsho olusisigxina lwe-Linear (1600°×3h) /% | -0.2~+0.2 | -0.2~+0.2 | -0.2~+0.2 | -0.3~+0.3 |
| Ukungaguquguquki koMthwalo (0.2MPa, 0.6%)/℃ ≤ | 1700 | 1700 | 1700 | 1700 |
| Izitena zeCorundum-mullite | ||||
| ISALATHISO | I-GMZ-88 | I-GMZ-85 | GMZ-80 | I-GYZ-75 |
| I-Al2O3 (%)≥ | 88 | 85 | 80 | 75 |
| I-Fe2O3 (%)≤ | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Ukuqhekeka Okubonakalayo (%)≤ | 15(17) | 16(18) | 18(20) | 18(20) |
| Ubuninzi bobuninzi (g/cm3) ≥ | 3.00 | 2.85 | 2.75 | 2.60 |
| Amandla okutyumza okubandayo (MPa) | 100-120 | 80-100 | 80-100 | 60-80 |
| Utshintsho olusisigxina lwe-Linear (1600°×3h) /% | -0.1~+0.1 | -0.1~+0.1 | -0.2~+0.2 | -0.2~+0.2 |
| Ukungaguquguquki koMthwalo (0.2MPa, 0.6%)/℃ ≤ | 1700 | 1680 | 1650 | 1650 |
Ukusetyenziswa kwezitena zeCorundum:
1. Ishishini leNsimbi:Isetyenziselwa ukubiyela izixhobo zokunyibilikisa ezishushu kakhulu ezifana nee-converters, ii-electrical furniture, kunye nee-refined furniture, kunye nezixhobo ezifana nee-slides, ii-stoppers, kunye neenkqubo zokuthulula ukuze kuqhutyekwe kuphoswa.
2. Ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esingenasinyithi:Zifakwe kwii-oven zokunyibilikisa nezokucoca iintsimbi ezingeyo-ferrous ezifana ne-aluminium, i-copper, kunye ne-nickel.
3. Ishishini leeglasi:Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizitena zokukhangela kwiindawo zokuhlaziya kunye neendawo zokutshaja zee-ovens zeglasi ezinyibilikisayo.
4. Ishishini leSamente:Ifakwe kwindawo yokutshisa enobushushu obuphezulu yee-oven zesamente ezijikelezayo.
5. Ishishini leeKhemikhali:Ifakwe kwiireactors ezishushu kakhulu kunye nee-ovens eziqhekekayo.
6. Ishishini lezaMandla:Ifakwe izixhobo zonyango lwegesi yokukhupha umoya eshushu kakhulu kunye nezixhobo zokufaka igesi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezitena zeCorundum Mullite:
1. Ishishini leSamente:Zifakwe kwindawo yokutshintsha kwaye zilungelelaniswe nee-oven zesamente ezijikelezayo. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu ngaphakathi kwi-oven ejikelezayo ngelixa zixhathisa iigesi ezirhabaxa eziveliswa kukubola kwezinto ezikrwada zesamente.
2. Ishishini leeglasi:Zisetyenziswa kwizitena zeglasi ezijonga i-regenerator furnace kunye neendonga ze-oven, ziyamelana nokuguquguquka rhoqo kobushushu kwaye azigugi lula yiglasi enyibilikisiweyo.
3. Ushishino lweMetallurgy kunye neeKhemikhali:Ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphakathi nobuphantsi zee-oven zesinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous, ii-linings ze-oven zokosa ezishushu kakhulu, kunye nezixhobo zokosa ezithwala i-catalyst kwishishini leekhemikhali, amandla okulinganisela kunye neemfuno zokumelana nobushushu.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
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